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    Coordinate measuring machines (CMM) help increase accuracy

    Coordinate Measuring Machines

    The coordinate measuring machine (or CMM) is a mechanical system that moves a measuring probe to determine the coordinates of points on the surface of a workpiece. Coordinate measurement machine have made inspection of parts very much easier. Basically, they consist of a platform on which the workpiece being measured is placed and moved linearly or rotated. A probe attached to a head capable of lateral and vertical movements records all measurements. Coordinate measurement machines are versatile in their capability to record measurement of complex profiles with high sensitivity (0.25 µm) and speed.With the help of coordinate measuring machines one can locate point coordinates on three-dimensional objects (X, Y & Z or length – width – height) all at the same time. They allow integration of both dimensions and orthogonal relationships. When linked to a computer, use of a CMM eliminates difficult and time consuming measurements with traditional single axis devices such as micrometers and height gauges. CMM machines become very useful when more complex workpieces are to be dealt with.

    Coordinate Measuring Machine Types and Parts

    A CMM machine is comprised of four main elements:

    • Main Structure – The machine incorporates the basic concept of three coordinate axes so that precise movement in x, y, and z directions is possible.
    • Coordinate Measuring Machines use probes to measure objects

      Probing System – A part of the co-ordinate measuring machine which senses the different parameters required for the calculation. Many kinds of probes such as optical transmission probes, cluster probes, motorized probes and transmission trigger probes are available.

    • Machine Control and Computer Hardware – The control unit allows manual measurement and self-teach programming in addition to CNC operation. The control unit is microprocessor controlled. This especially refers to a CNC coordinate measuring machine.
    • Software for Three-dimensional Geometry Analysis

    The coordinate measuring machines and systems can be broadly classified into five different types as: Cantilever arm type, Bridge type, Column type, Horizontal arm type and Gantry type and their modes of operation is also divided into four types as Manual, Manual Computer assisted, Motorized Computer assisted and Direct Computer controlled. There is also portable arm coordinate measuring machine available when it is difficult to move the workpiece to the machine.

    Advantages of Coordinate Measuring Machines

    Some of the advantages of CMM’s which make them more preferable than the conventional measuring devices are higher flexibility, reduction in labour costs (less human intervention), improved accuracy, reduced setup and improved productivity. The CMM measuring has taken a lead role in many industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, healthcare, plastics, semiconductor, etc.